2020-09-03
魏文池 | 中国人民大学公共管理学院讲师
来源:Public Administration Review. DOI:10.1111/puar.13299
01 研究问题
政府财政盈余 (fiscal slack) 是否会导致政府腐败 (government corruption)?在不同的制度约束 (rule constraints) 下财政盈余对政府腐败的影响有什么不同?
02 文章介绍
财政盈余对政府腐败的影响可以从两个完全不同的角度思考。第一个角度,基于官僚模型 (bureaucracy models),财政盈余可能成为官员腐败的“刺激物”,即财政盈余可能激发官员资金挪用、贪污、以及利用财政资源为私利服务的行为。第二个角度,基于制度约束理论,财政盈余,特别是制度完善的、有法律保障的财政盈余基金,可以扮演财政资源“保险箱”的功能,即当财政资金存放进专门的基金里,且当存、取都有相应的制度约束时,官员操控财政资源的自主权 (fiscal discretion or autonomy) 降低,因此官员滥用资金的情况可能会被遏制。
03 研究方法
本文以美国州政府为研究样本。美国几乎所有的州都在政府预算里专设预算稳定基金 (或称 “雨天基金” or rainy day fund) 用以存放在经济和财政状况良好时产生的政府财政盈余,并有专门的立法和制度约束规定如何存、取这些资金。另外,本文利用美国司法部每年向国会提交的州和地方因腐败被判刑的政府官员的数量 (deflated by population size and government employee size, respectively) 作为州政府腐败度的衡量指标。本文利用因果模型 (causal model) 中工具变量 (IV) 研究方法,以每个州每年发生自然灾害的次数和自然灾害造成的损失作为政府预算稳定基金余额的工具变量。
04 研究发现
05 附论文摘要
Abstract: This article examines the effect of fiscal slack on government corruption using the U.S. states in the period from 1998 to 2012 as a research sample. Fiscal slack in the U.S. states is commonly referred to as “rainy day funds” (RDFs), which are intended as countercyclical reserve funds for government‐wide purposes. Theoretically, bureaucracy models predict that fiscal slack might catalyze the embezzlement or misuse behaviors of bureaucrats who are considered to be budget maximizers. However, formally established and rules‐bound RDFs may function as a “strongbox” that curbs officials’ discretionary power, reduces uncertainty in fiscal slack management, and ultimately restrains embezzlement and misuse behaviors. Empirically, we use the incidences and durations of natural hazards as instrumental variables for RDF balances to address the potential endogeneity problems. We find that state RDFs help reduce government corruption, especially when they are regulated by relatively looser deposit rules and stricter withdrawal rules.
作者介绍
魏文池,公共政策与管理博士,中国人民大学公共管理学院讲师,中国人民大学“杰出学者”青年学者。主要研究方向为公共财政与预算,公共管理与绩效,公共政策评估。其研究已发表于Public Administration Review, Public Management Review, American Review of Public Administration, Public Performance and Management Review, Public Finance Review等国际公共管理顶尖和权威期刊。