Autonomous vehicles are expected to reshape travel experiences by enabling more productive or enjoyable uses of travel time. However, how such changes might affect mobility inequality in cities remain largely untested due to the uncertainty of the technology and the lack of valid measures of its impact. We develop a conceptual framework for understanding the disposable time produced by riding in autonomous vehicles using the midfare perspective. We then propose a method of measurement using an entropy-based index to measure the distributional effect of time use within autonomous vehicles, and apply it to a nationwide survey of people's potential engagement with in-vehicle activities. We examine whether autonomous vehicles can play a role in relaxing the space and time constraints for women's daily life in cities as a proof of concept.查看详情>>
随着人口增长与城市化进程加快，受房地产、酒店、零售、一般工业等开发活动滨海用地需求的影响，需要位于或临近滨水位置才能确保功能实现的滨水依赖用途面临的竞争压力正逐年增大，并被迫转化为非滨水依赖用途。由于岸线资源的有限性，人们将不得不从开发活动的滨水依赖程度这一视角来考虑并设计滨水空间管控政策，尽量确保滨水依赖用途在位于或临近滨水位置上具有优先发展权，避免稀缺和不可再生的海岸空间资源和自然资源不可挽回地受到享有更广泛区位选择优势的非水依赖用途的严重损害，以确保海岸带空间资源的最优化与可持续利用。然而，不基于正确衡量的空间决策往往会导致环境污染、管理不善、资源浪费以及社会公正损失等诸多社会问题。因此，定期清查用途，开展基于滨水依赖程度的海岸带空间利用模式分析是构建用途管制政策的前提。查看详情>>
Problem, research strategy, and findings
Thirty-two of China’s largest cities have implemented community planner policies. Scholars have debated whether these initiatives have accelerated China’s urban planning system transition from more rational to communicative planning. Through a survey and 23 interviews, we investigated the role tendencies and motivators of a typical example of community planners, known in Beijing as responsible planners. We developed a typology delineating three roles of responsible planners: technical expert, advocate planner, and communicative planner. Results suggest that responsible planners frequently play hybrid roles, yet they exhibit a limited understanding of their role as communicative planners. Graduate planning education in China has tended to stereotype responsible planners as technical experts. Institutional design requiring public participation reduces reliance on technical experts. Responsible planners’ understanding their roles differ significantly from planning practices in North America. The qualitative interviews further illuminated these differences and unraveled the complex motivators in responsible planners’ role choices within the Chinese context.
Takeaway for practice
Planning authorities and educators should highlight policies advocating for public participation, graduate planning education emphasizing social planning, and continuing professional education featuring tutorials and knowledge sharing to facilitate a communicative turn in urban planning. This approach will empower planners to better serve residents.查看详情>>
As global climate change intensifies and urbanization accelerates, research on urban climate change has become a global concern. Urban decision-makers must determine optimal city sizes to achieve net-zero emissions. However, previous studies have mainly focused on average relationships between city size and carbon emissions, overlooking non-linear dynamics. This study used urban scaling laws to investigate relationships between city size and carbon emissions from population and land perspective across 294 Chinese cities. Results showed a sub-linear relationship between urban population size (UPS) and carbon emissions and a super-linear relationship between urban land size (ULS) and carbon emissions. Regionally, cities in central regions demonstrated higher carbon emission performance than those in western and eastern regions.查看详情>>
基于收集和预处理的22份国家层面政策文本，运用文本挖掘技术提取高频词并构建关键词共现网络，结合PMC指数模型，分析数字医疗政策的主要内容和关键要素，以期从政策发展视角探究我国数字医疗政策的内部一致性及演进特征。研究发现：我国数字医疗政策在整体上保持较强连续性和较高质量，但仍需要进一步优化；不同政策类别在PMC指数上差异揭示了顶层设计、实施路径和执行工具上的不足，需要更高水平的协调与联动；政策质量随时间呈现先升后降的特点，体现在政府统筹的间断性、政策工具系统性不足、治理观念转变不完全性；政策演进呈现从“管理”到“服务”再到“治理”的变化，演进过程政策一致性较为平衡。基于结论，建议优化政策工具组合，增强政策适应性与执行力，加强环境型和需求型工具的综合运用；构建跨部门协同的政策框架，确保政策协调与联动；推动治理导向的政策框架，促进多方协同合作；提升政策时效性与关注度，增强政策的前瞻性与适应性。查看详情>>
Blue carbon ecosystems, including mangroves, seagrass meadows, and salt marshes, are internationally acclaimed as crucial Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for combating climate change due to their extraordinary carbon sequestration capabilities and invaluable ecosystem services. Nevertheless, their preservation and restoration currently encounter formidable challenges such as acute financial deficits, mismatches between project supply and market demand, information opacity, and legal ambiguities. These challenges severely limit the scalability and innovative development of global blue carbon projects. This paper adopts a holistic approach, concentrating on how blue carbon financing can sustainably underpin ecosystem conservation and restoration, and introduces an innovative conceptual framework for blue carbon financing mechanisms.
Through an extensive analysis of international blue carbon policy frameworks, carbon market dynamics, and benchmark project case studies, this research pioneers a comprehensive logical model of blue carbon financing. At its core is a strategic triad: "Principles and Guidelines—Financial Instruments and Markets—Project Implementation." The proposed framework advocates establishing a diverse portfolio of blue carbon financial tools within multilateral governance contexts, including the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement, and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). This integrated approach ensures a seamless financial support chain from policy formulation to practical market execution.
In terms of financial instrument innovation, this paper systematically categorizes blue carbon financial products into four distinct segments: (1) Spot instruments, primarily carbon credit assets, forming the foundational transaction basis; (2) Financing mechanisms, including blue carbon bonds, collateralized carbon asset financing, repurchase agreements, and asset custodial arrangements designed to address initial project funding gaps; (3) Trading products, encompassing derivatives such as futures, options, and swaps, which facilitate market price discovery and investor risk mitigation; and (4) Supportive instruments, including blue carbon insurance schemes and specialized funds, providing risk control and enhancing creditworthiness for carbon asset management. This classification represents a novel contribution to blue carbon finance literature, offering practical guidance for financial institutions actively participating in blue carbon markets.
The paper further delineates a clear roadmap for blue carbon project development, outlining financial interventions at each critical stage: initial funding procurement, risk dispersion and liquidity enhancement during project execution, and value monetization via carbon trading in the project's later phases. The framework emphasizes the pivotal role played by third-party institutions in enhancing credit ratings, ensuring transparency, and standardizing market conduct, underscoring their indispensable intermediary and regulatory roles within the blue carbon financial ecosystem.
This study significantly enriches theoretical insights into blue carbon finance and provides comprehensive investment strategies for marine carbon sequestration initiatives. Its outcomes offer crucial insights for developing nations striving to access international climate funding and integrate marine carbon sequestration within national and regional climate policies. Especially in the current global drive towards carbon neutrality and ecological stewardship, the blue carbon financing framework presented here provides proactive theoretical support and pragmatic pathways toward constructing robust "blue finance" systems and optimizing multilateral cooperative mechanisms. Ultimately, this approach holds strategic importance for accelerating the scaling and enduring viability of blue carbon initiatives globally.查看详情>>
