面对平台经济的监管挑战，政府与平台企业的合作监管成为平台监管中的重要模式。随着合作监管实践不断涌现，如何类型化和解释不同的合作监管成为随之而来的问题。本文通过参与式观察、深度访谈等方法，对A市网络交易监管中的四个合作监管案例进行研究。基于对案例的分析，本文总结构建了“监管情境-联结机制-合作类型”的理论分析框架，以解释平台经济监管中不同政企合作监管类型的生成逻辑。研究发现，面对由监管清晰程度和资源依赖程度构成的差异化监管情境，监管部门会选择不同的联结机制，与平台企业在监管规则制定和执行两个环节上达成不同的合作关系，最终形成协助型、赋权型、协商型和指导型四种合作监管类型。本文在案例研究的基础上，与西方合作监管理论对话，对理解中国场景下的平台经济合作监管具有一定意义，也对监管部门与平台企业的合作策略选择具有参考意义。查看详情>>
Frequent extreme precipitation poses significant challenges to rural systems, underscoring the pivotal role of bolstering resilience against such weather extremes for the sustenance of rural sustainability. Although existing research has analysed the adverse effects of extreme precipitation on rural vulnerability, there remains a dearth of exploration into the potential benefits that rural areas might reap from such events. Drawing on Taleb's theory of anti-fragility, this study constructs a comprehensive measurement index system for the Rural Anti-Fragility Index (RAFI) from three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation. In this work the spatiotemporal dynamics of rural anti-fragility in Chinese county-level rural areas and their impact on agricultural production were analysed. The results indicate that (1) Spanning 2000 to 2018, China's RAFI level continuously increased, with an overall level in the median range, the highest in the Rural Sensitivity Index (RSI), followed by the Rural Exposure Index (REI), and the lowest in the Rural Adaptation Index (RAI). (2) The RAFI exhibited significant spatial clustering characteristics, with high values in the southeast and low values in the northwest. Hotspots of Rural Anti-Fragility (RAF) are mainly concentrated in the Middlelower Yangtze Plain (MYP) and Southern China (SC), while cold spots are distributed in the transitional zones of the central and western regions, as well as Tibet, Xinjiang, and other areas, with the regions of cold and hot spots becoming increasingly significant and expanding continuously. (3) The presence of RAF positively and substantially influences agricultural output in terms of both area and yield, with the greatest effect on wheat, followed by rice and spring maize. The different levels of antifragility exhibited strong heterogeneity in their impacts on the production areas of the three crops. We advocate for deliberate and proactive measures to augment RAFI, paramount for the realization of enduring goals in rural sustainability and agricultural progression.查看详情>>
Autonomous vehicles are expected to reshape travel experiences by enabling more productive or enjoyable uses of travel time. However, how such changes might affect mobility inequality in cities remain largely untested due to the uncertainty of the technology and the lack of valid measures of its impact. We develop a conceptual framework for understanding the disposable time produced by riding in autonomous vehicles using the midfare perspective. We then propose a method of measurement using an entropy-based index to measure the distributional effect of time use within autonomous vehicles, and apply it to a nationwide survey of people's potential engagement with in-vehicle activities. We examine whether autonomous vehicles can play a role in relaxing the space and time constraints for women's daily life in cities as a proof of concept.查看详情>>
随着人口增长与城市化进程加快，受房地产、酒店、零售、一般工业等开发活动滨海用地需求的影响，需要位于或临近滨水位置才能确保功能实现的滨水依赖用途面临的竞争压力正逐年增大，并被迫转化为非滨水依赖用途。由于岸线资源的有限性，人们将不得不从开发活动的滨水依赖程度这一视角来考虑并设计滨水空间管控政策，尽量确保滨水依赖用途在位于或临近滨水位置上具有优先发展权，避免稀缺和不可再生的海岸空间资源和自然资源不可挽回地受到享有更广泛区位选择优势的非水依赖用途的严重损害，以确保海岸带空间资源的最优化与可持续利用。然而，不基于正确衡量的空间决策往往会导致环境污染、管理不善、资源浪费以及社会公正损失等诸多社会问题。因此，定期清查用途，开展基于滨水依赖程度的海岸带空间利用模式分析是构建用途管制政策的前提。查看详情>>
基层形式主义，是指在政策执行中强调表面形式，忽略工作的实际效果。当前，政府和学界关注的形式主义，主要发生在基层政府的日常活动或一般程序中，如会议、文件、督导检查等。但是，各地的田野调查显示，还有一种普遍发生在政府体制内部运行中的形式主义，其目的是应对考核中有明确数字或数量要求的指标任务，也就是“数据形式主义”。“数据形式主义”的主要表现是，为达到某一量化指标，基层政府通过各种非常规方法，从表面或账面上实现了“数据达标”,但并未产生任何实质性效果。同时，还耗费了政府资源，增加了基层负担，损害了政府的公信力，甚至可能影响上级的政策制定。要遏制“数据形式主义”的蔓延，关键在于厘清基层政府的职责范围和综合运用多样化的考核方法，避免考核结果的“唯数据论”。查看详情>>
基于收集和预处理的22份国家层面政策文本，运用文本挖掘技术提取高频词并构建关键词共现网络，结合PMC指数模型，分析数字医疗政策的主要内容和关键要素，以期从政策发展视角探究我国数字医疗政策的内部一致性及演进特征。研究发现：我国数字医疗政策在整体上保持较强连续性和较高质量，但仍需要进一步优化；不同政策类别在PMC指数上差异揭示了顶层设计、实施路径和执行工具上的不足，需要更高水平的协调与联动；政策质量随时间呈现先升后降的特点，体现在政府统筹的间断性、政策工具系统性不足、治理观念转变不完全性；政策演进呈现从“管理”到“服务”再到“治理”的变化，演进过程政策一致性较为平衡。基于结论，建议优化政策工具组合，增强政策适应性与执行力，加强环境型和需求型工具的综合运用；构建跨部门协同的政策框架，确保政策协调与联动；推动治理导向的政策框架，促进多方协同合作；提升政策时效性与关注度，增强政策的前瞻性与适应性。查看详情>>
